A "Voyager" type spacecraft with a Golden Record but with contents depicting a civilization of Cats in Mars, and the Space Craft + Golden Record are made from materials from Mars. Put this in orbit around Mars, and have it emit a signal on loop with an Arecibo Message depicting the Cat Civilization.
The scientific community would just collapse and we'd be worshipping cats as a world wide religion.
Maybe even an older model.
Bonus points if it was a popular model in a science fiction show.
My take of that would be the station from the little martian from Looney Tunes in the full 3D cartoon style.
Sort of like a cell shaded structure in a realistic lighted environment.
A very small probe that emits an impossible to miss signal at random pretty long intervals and then adjusts its orbit to be very different. It would basically pretend to be various Aliens civilizations trying to contact us. Like every 45 days a new signal from a new part of the sky is picked up and then never repeats and if were just getting tons of messages at once. And since the probe is small and doesnt have a predictable orbit it would be very hard to figure out that its actually a probe and then find it.
A large military submarine, and/or Porcupine fish. But I'll be very sad if fish dies. And in order to actually break scientists, you need to put in space them.