I had this argument a little while ago, and someone mentioned that this was answered somewhere in ST lore, but will ask here.
When you are teleported to another place, are you killed and essentially "remade" in the place you're teleporting to, or is there a confirmation that the entity teleported from A to B is the same person.
(Sorry to be all deep on a cat pic, but this convo came to mind and I can't ignore it now)
In fairness, the clone being made is more from people abusing the "part of you is missing, so we'll try and patch that up before putting you back together" function, and happened twice with extremely specific circumstances. You can't just factory-print people with it.
I remember that being discussed endlessly in Enterprise. But the solution was "fuck that, the ship is exploding, beam me up", not any answer to your question.
The Second One. The supernatural parts remain the same (the Vulcans make a big deal out of that, and would have a fit if people were being killed), the exact same matter is moved, and people remain conscious during the process.
In Star Trek, cloning is a much more complex affair, needing to grow the clone and all. If the transporter just copied people, destroying the original, they could just use that instead.
According to the non canon Star Trek Technical Manual, the transporter physically disassembles your particles, moves them to the destination location, and reassembles them with quark level accuracy. So-called "Heisenberg compensators" are a key technology to allow this to occur.
The on screen canon is at least somewhat consistent with this, but maybe not entirely.
Thanks to different transporter accidents that cat has been cloned, re-merged with it's clone, separated from its clone again, and made into kitten. And Lt. Thomas Fluffpants eventually joined the Maquis because they let him hunt Cardassian lizardmice.