Giving up on selfhosted email / Any sane email setups?
Giving up on selfhosted email / Any sane email setups?
So I've been running self-hosted email using Mailu for a couple of months (after migrating out of Google Workspace). Today it turned that although my server seems to be capable of sending and receiving emails, it also seems to be used by spammers. I've stumbled upon this accidentally by looking through logs. This seems to have been going on for all this time (first "unknown" access happened just a couple of hours after I've set everything up).
While browsing the logs there were just so many crazy things happening - the incoming connections were coming through some kind of proxy built-in to Mailu, so I couldn't even figure out what was their source IP. I have no idea why they could send emails without authorization - the server was not a relay. Every spammy email also got maximum spam score - which is great - but not very useful since SMTP agent ignored it and proceeded to send it out. Debugging was difficult because every service was running in a different container and they were all hooked up in a way that involved (in addition to the already mentioned proxy) bridges, virtual ethernet interfaces and a jungle of iptables-based NAT that was actually nft under the hood. Nothing in this architecture was actually documented anywhere, no network diagrams or anything - everything has to be inferred from netfilter rulesets. For some reason "docker compose" left some configuration mess during the "down" step and I couldn't "docker compose up" afterwards. This means that every change in configuration required a full OS reboot to be applied. Finally, the server kept retrying to send the spammy emails for hours so even after (hypothetically) fixing all the configuration issues, it would still be impossible to tell whether they really were fixed because the spammy emails that were submitted before the fix already got into the retry loop.
I have worked on obfuscation technologies and I'm honestly impressed by the state of email servers. I have temporarily moved back to Google Workspace but I'm still on the lookout for alternatives.
Do you know of any email server that could be described as simple? Ideally a single binary with sane defaults, similarly to what dnsmasq is for DNS+DHCP?
After spending a considerable amount of time on it, I have come to the conclusion that there is no completely reliable way to send email without relying on a third party that is considered to have a “good reputation”.
Your set up might work right now, but tomorrow everyone on the internet could stop accepting your mail without explanation and without recourse.
If you own your own IP range, things look a bit brighter, but if you’re dependent on residential and housing provider addresses, you’re boned.
I agree that a static IP address is an absolute requirement for a mail server to send messages these days. You also need a host of checks in place like SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, along with a strong set of blocklists and spam filters. My own setup includes dual ISP connections from two different providers, and even with all that in place, Microsoft has always been a thorn. They will block me for no apparent reason, their own tools don't even show any detected spam activity, and sometimes they don't even block the same IP address (or provider) that my emails were sent from. Every other spam service on the planet behaves in a rational way, but of course Microsoft has made a point of locking in so many businesses to their own spam-ridden service that you simply can't run a mail server any more without being able to talk to them.
Overall, yeah it can be a pain to run your own mail server. I can't imagine trying to use a pre-built mail server and expect it to run, there's so much that you have to configure to each specific setup. It's not like a web server where you load up a docker container and it just works.
I agree that a static IP address is an absolute requirement for a mail server to send messages these days.
No no, I don't mean a static IP address. I mean an IP block allocation. I mean an Autonomous System (AS). I mean actually owning your IP ranges.
Static addresses are subject to the whims of the provider, and even when they are actually static, much of the "reputation accounting" is influenced by the other users of your block. The only way you can guarantee the kind of continuity needed is by owning the entire IP allocation block.
It's not a game for the little guys.
I've had similar experiences trying to send mail to Microsoft-hosted email addresses. My current "solution" is to send all outgoing mail directly from my VPS-hosted Mailu server... EXCEPT for Microsoft-destined mail. For those messages, they get transparently relayed from Postfix to a third-party email sending service that Microsoft apparently trusts.
The upshot is I can still use my own Postfix daemon for all mail sent to sane (non-Microsoft) providers.
ProtonMail. 100%.
I set up custom DNS and catchall so yourcompanyname@saltycowboy.org is really how I filter spam.
Please note, saltycowboy.org isn't really my domain.
So you're saying it's available? đź‘€
I've also done the same, it's been great.
unless you realllllly enjoy self hosting your email, IMO it’s just not worth it anymore with the state of things. I use Fastmail and could not be happier.
Same here. Gave up and went fastmail. Love em.
I use fastmail, and I enjoy it a lot. Their masked email is very nice as well, and integrates with bitwarden. So quite convenient to use my personal domain for stuff where my identity matters, and use masked @fastmail addresses for more disposable stuff.
The only thing that ticks me a tiny bit is that their mobile app doesn't have offline mode; but you can use imap client or w/e, so it's not too much of an issue.
Also hear good things about protonmail; I would consider it if I didn't already use/trust fastmail.
Another vote for Fastmail. In my recent effort to degoogle I switched to Fastmail and I love it.
For mobile with fastmail, I use fairemail. Works great with it, and provides a nice merged view with my non-fastmail work emails.
im an old school email admin. i gave up on my personal exchange box for protonmail years ago.. multiple domains, lots of dns nonsense on my part. zero problems.
i highly recommend them.
https://mxroute.com/ is what I went with. They have a $99 lifetime plan. Semi limited, but worth it imho.
I'd be super cautious about relying on any company that even offers a "lifetime" plan.
Offers like that are tools to raise cash - take money now for a service that you will provide people in the future. They tend to get used in one of two situations:
- We need to raise money for investment in upgrades, so take the equivalent of ~2-3 years subscription from people up front, and count on the investment bringing in enough new customers paying regular rates that you can cover the cost of having the lifetime customers out of revenue
- We need cash now or we aren't going to be able to pay salaries, and it won't matter that we've screwed our customers if we are bankrupt
Even in the best case, it'd be much simpler to raise cash through usual investment mechanisms, so you do have to wonder how viable their business strategy is if they can't get money that way
Do you maybe have a link for the lifetime plan? Because I cant find it.
I use mailcow for self hosting.
Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:
Fewer Letters More Letters DNS Domain Name Service/System Git Popular version control system, primarily for code IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol for email IP Internet Protocol SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SSL Secure Sockets Layer, for transparent encryption TLS Transport Layer Security, supersedes SSL VPN Virtual Private Network VPS Virtual Private Server (opposed to shared hosting)
8 acronyms in this thread; the most compressed thread commented on today has 3 acronyms.
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Nowadays I'd recommend a simple postfix + dovecot setup. If you care about a web-UI and possibly some groupware functions put SOGo on top.
Just switch to mail in a box.
Step 1: cut a hole in the box
The answer bad self hosted apps isn’t less self hosting.
Fasmail + domain
I use docker-mailserver with sendgrid as smtp relay
I found myself in a similar situation last year. MXRoute's lifetime plan works well for those domains that just need basic email and not a lot of storage.
I have used https://migadu.com/ for over a year now with no problems. Very happy with them. Setup is well documented.
Most reasonable pricing I’ve seen for a family use case.
Great configuration, very flexible and fill of features. They make it easy to get all the DNS records you need to add to your domains and they have a diagnostic tool that checks that everything is set correctly. They even include wildcard aliases (which I'm not sure if it's mentioned in their public pages).
Should also note that they don't limit accounts, domains, aliases or any features, just overall mails and storage space. The only additional limitation on the lite account is inability to set account quotas.
This was the provider I went with after self-hosting my mail for 7+ years on an OpenBSD VPS. I feel like Migadu is an honest and good-value service.
Additional: It's paid, and you need a domain.
Edit: spelling
Moved from a junky setup where I was forwarding my domain mail to gmail. And sending mail through gmail using the smtp server provided by my web host.
I was having too many issues.
I switched to fastmail. It is quite good. And you can get some free basic web hosting included with your paid service.
This is what I did too, after self hosting and self hosting anonaddy for a while. I really like how it integrates into bitwarden to give me most of what I liked about anonaddy as an included thing. I also did it ofr the same reason. Too many Eh holes out there that just want to bang on the mail server all day.
I ended up on purelymail.com for my machine sending email (it's dirt cheap I think I will be under their minmimum and it will cost something like 10 dollars a year for unlimited unique email addresses for my services)..
Protonmail. That's what I use connected to my own domain.
Personally using Ionos.
Not bad experiences so far but you need to watch out at times and check your invoices.Same, IONOS is cheap and I had no issues when requesting they open port 25 for my mail relay server.
Permanently Deleted
Oh no! I'm sad to see that you've run into troubles :(.
There are other "fully put together" solutions like mailinabox and mailcow, that could be worth looking into for you. I haven't used them personally, but you might find them worth looking into. I'd never heard of mailu before, actually.
Totally understand the desire to just move to a hosted solution after running into these problems, but even if you do that I think you should keep running a mail server in the back of your mind for the future --- you've already learned a lot about it I'm sure, and maybe with a bit more experience you'll be ready to tackle it again :).
I don't actually use any of the fully assembled solutions like mailinabox, and I wonder if in the future it might be a good idea to try configuring everything manually. You already have some familiarity with how mail works at this point, and having more control over the setup and how everything fits together might actually work out for you. Personally I'm running an OpenSMTPD + Dovecot mailserver and having a great time. I'd recommend it.
https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd/
Either way, I think you should keep using a custom domain for e-mail because then you have options in the future :).
I use iRedMail but would I call it simple? No. Mail is such old tech that simple really isn't the word for it. Archaic, ancient and dying fits better. But it will take decades more to actually die. iRedMail is available as a single container, which isn't correct from a container perspective but makes everything a lot easier in my opinion. Of the various solutions I've tried it's the one closest to the goal of "It just works". The biggest downside is the manual steps often needed to upgrade version. Not to time consuming but far from "It just works".
I vote for maddy, but one important note for my setup: my family uses always-on VPN, so i only open port 25 for the world. Imap can be accessed only from vpn. In such case server can't be used as relay from internet. Maybe try that way?
I am not saying your server is not secure, but just fencing off IMAP from the web is not enough to limit spammers from relaying mail through your server. They usually exploit a misconfigured SMTP server, which does run on port 25 (plain or start TLS mode)
That's right, i've mixed two topics. Thanks for pointing that out
Mailcow dockerized.
I hosted email professionally for over a decade... and I can't recommend getting back into the business. At that time we were using Qmail, although I also have experience managing Exim and Postfix. About 90% of incoming email remains spam.
For outgoing email for things like server cron mail, a stub service like
msmtpdcan be used to receive local mail and forward it to to a local service.To receive and host email, Fastmail is good.
Throwing my hat in for Protonmail.
Yes https://cloudron.io + Contabo