I get a lot of visual artifacts when first opening Chromium on Pop!_OS with a 12th gen intel Framework laptop. Relatedly, odd black outlines will appear around different elements around the OS occasionally. I believe I'm on the most recent drivers and such, is there some other configuration necessary to fix this bit of cruft?
Probably just wayland or some driver weirdness, but artifacts like this can happen if you have bad VRAM. Your IGP uses the main memory for that, so you can check it with memtest86. It's unlikely, but you can try it if all else fails.
Run some hardware tests and make sure you've got the latest firmware installed from framework. I have never seen that on my framework laptop (11th gen Intel) and I'm also running pop.