As others have said, manufacturer telemetry. Just the usual built-in spyware that people are fine with for some reason... Everyone does it, they're just bad at hiding it in this case.
Qualcomm Location Service (formerly “IZat Location Services” or “IZat”) is technology offered by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. in the U.S., QT Technologies Ireland Limited in countries within the European Economic Area, and Qualcomm CDMA Technologies (Korea) YH in the Republic of Korea (a.k.a. South Korea). Qualcomm Location Service may enable your device to determine its location more quickly and accurately – even when your device is unable to get a strong GPS signal.
Something like the UAD could disable it, or you could use Tracker Control to block it, or straight up use adb to disable it... But, it will run even if disabled.