Rainbow is a personal favorite, it has a anime, along with a manga that ran well past where the anime ended, tho idk if it got fully legally translated, it was fan translated. Set in and around the 50s.
Barefoot Gen gets bandied about a lot. I never read it personally. Its set on and after Hiroshima's bombing and the years after. There is a full legal translation of it. Coupla movies too.
No Longer Human by Osamu Dazai was a fantastic bit of postwar literature, though it wasn't set postwar.
Post-Meiji is an interesting time period. I don't know how much media with Western localization there is in this setting. Even The Last Samurai was early Meiji.
Hadn't played any of these games until recently; picked up the remastered series on sale, and spent months playing through Yakuza 0. Really enjoyed the setting, the characters, the drama, the humorous substories and fun little minigames.
I finally decided to stop hitting the batting cages and move on to Kiwami, which I've just started. Loving it so far, although Majima seems to have gone quite mad in the intervening years. Looking forward to a long career of singing karaoke, racing RC cars, and swinging motorcycles around.