The cartoons of that era used multiple layers of painted glass slides to create a full scene, with the background being literally in the back. With each frame the film camera would take a picture of the scene and then the cartoonists would switch out the top pane of glass for the next frame. As someone else said, this whole setup had studio lighting on the drawn scene, but it was difficult to get the colors to match perfectly since they were in slightly different positions and different layers of glass.