Sort of... If the dev didn't pay for their training, they wouldn't need as big of a wage to pay off their training debt (the usual scenario I'd wager).
So in a way the company is currently paying off the debt for the Devs training, most of the time.
When did the training happen? The LLM is trained for the task starting when the task is assigned. The developer's training has already completed, for this task at least.
No? The LLM was trained before you ever even interacted with it. They're not going to train a model on the fly each time you want to use it, that's fucking ridiculous.
That's the joke that the comic is making. Whether or not it's reflective of reality, they're joking about a company training a new AI model to calculate the area of rectangles.