That's a pretty unfeasible request. Sure, maybe big resalers might keep something like that, but the average consumer? I keep my receipts for maybe a year on big purchases unless there's something like a warranty I need it for. And I get the feeling that's already more than most folks would do.
If you are insisting on a first purchase receipt before buying something used, you are essentially saying you'll almost never buy something used. The odds someone would even still have it, let alone go through the hassle of providing it to you, are extremely low. Why would they do that when they could just sell to a less difficult customer who doesn't care?
When you purchase something on the steam store you get an email with the recipe. If your email client is somewhat decent you should be able to find it in a couple of seconds.
You'd just pair it with your Steam account just like you do with phones to your carrier. The transaction in this case would require releasing the Deck from the current owner before buying (which could be verified easily, perhaps with a serial or something).
I guess you could do it with an NFT, but just involving Steam in the transaction (registering a new account) would absolutely work.
That said, I don't want that because that would just turn stolen Decks into ewaste. I'd rather my stuff get used than tossed in a landfill.