How to preserve HDD longevity?

I have a few HDDs that I intend to use for data backup. The projected use case is a full overwrite of contents every month or so, and I intend to read only in the event of data loss on my primary memory units.

I want these drives to last as long as possible, which is why I plan to only keep the drives connected when I want to write and evaluate health. In my mind, this prevents degradation while protecting from edge-case power surges and device theft. Is this strategy going to do anything to extend lifespan, or am I better off keeping the drives plugged in?

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Keep them unplugged and in a cool dry safe environment free from temp swings or shock damage, theft, etc.

And when in use, always make sure they are on conditioned power and kept cooll while operating.