This is a legit method for building small things like that where you can use the brick-like shape of the bag when it's hardened. You just need to make sure the concrete gets soaked all the way through with a hose or rain.
There's a park on the lake near me that has a retaining wall that steps down into the lake swimming area built this way. The bags are rotted away so they're just concrete pillows now. They're been there at least 20 years
That's exactly how I built a retaining wall at my last house. It had rotting railroad ties that I got rid of and I just stacked bags of concrete before it rained. The concrete set, the bags degraded, and I had a cool retaining wall in my back yard.
Lots of revetments for water control in South Florida were built like this in the past. The burlap sacks all eroded away and leave an interesting pattern like you mentioned.
There's a bit of plastic in there somewhere probably, but the bags are usually burlap. It may also be special paper depending on where you get it from.