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Ok, neat, but I wonder what's the conclusion. Should I understand more more money equals better education or that more math education equals more money?
I'd wager it's the first one, since inequality sucks. Also, that oil beats schooling, looking at the bottom right corner.
The best we can say for that chart is that there is some relation (not necessarily casual) between GDP and mathematical education levels.
The causal factor could be anything - but it's a damn pretty curve. It at least suggests that measuring a country's gdp can give you a ballpark figure for it's mathematical education levels.
Might be a novel premise for funding to explore if math is a causal factor.
There's probably a better number than GPD/pop, considering the big outliers have exceptional inequality or equality in vietnam's case.
There's probably a much better line between median (or even better yet, first quartile) education funding and math scores, and a similar correlation to OP between GDP and education funding.
Feel free to create a post with the better numbers if you have them!
Could also be education - rising tide lifts all boats thing - rather than mathematics specifically.