The Swedish vacation law (Semesterlag 1977:480) amateurishly translated by me. And I am in no way experienced enough in our labour law to comment on how it looks for those not working full time. The short lesson is to Remember Ådalen, or those that fought, bled and died four our labour rights.
4 § En arbetstagare har rätt till tjugofem semesterdagar varje semesterår [...]
An employee have right to twentyfive vacation days per year
12 § Om inte annat har avtalats, ska semesterledigheten förläggas så, att arbetstagaren får en ledighetsperiod av minst fyra veckor under juni-augusti[...]
If nothing else have been agreed upon, the vacation is to be scheduled such that the employee get a vacation period of at least four weeks during june -august
Depending on where you're from you'll face different challenges. If you're an EU/Schengen citizen you can pretty much just mosy on over here. If you have a full-time job and/or enough money, as well as some form of health insurance you'll be able to get a personnummer quite easily. If you're outside of the EU things get trickier, but having a job lined up here will make things easier.
There's also the spousal path, though given our current nazi-xenophobic government I'm expecting a lot of those avenues to get tougher.