Fresh produce in the grocery store is a marketing gimmick. The reason it's there in the front of the store is to look nice and give you the psychological cue that you have fufilled your obligation to buy healthy things and may now buy what's in the aisles with less guilt. Similar to how grocery stores don't profit on rotisserie chickens which you have to walk through the aisles to get to so you will usually end up buying more than the chicken. They may control costs by displaying what loses them the least money, but direct profit from the fresh produce isn't why it's there.
Frozen is cheaper and healthier if we're talking what to buy for nutrition. Fresh is really only fresh locally. Yes, it's sad that fresh vegetables from your own locality can be unaffordable. The reason for that goes far deeper than the supply chain disruptions from the past few years.
I definitely prefer the texture of fresh-ish for certain dishes, and there are some which I only buy fresh for preference even though I'm aware of the healthier alternative. That last part is only to advocate for the kind of stuff that's suited to a global supply chain for nutrition purposes as long as we have to deal with the system we have. Frozen can be convenient, like with soup or other dishes where the produce would be thoroughly cooked. I toss them right in from the freezer. Air Fryers can close the gap on a lot of dishes as well.
Maybe for big chunk of meat or whole chicken but something like peas or spinach it's more convenient, you just pour it out of the bag. I'm kinda struggling to think where frozen is less convenient. Potatoes don't freeze well?
Though I'll admit I mostly cook fresh stuff do I don't have much experience with frozen foods.
I discovered the glory of freezing my excess food instead of letting it go bad and I've never gone back. Never again will I experience the heartbreak of an entire block of cheese going moldy. (Important: GRATE THE CHEESE BLOCK BEFORE YOU FREEZE IT)
Fresh produce is completely raw, frozen is typically parboiled (very slightly cooked), and canned is completely cooked. Frozen is typically the best balance between freshness and convenience. The only veggies I buy fresh are things I'm going to eat raw, like broccoli for eating with dips.
That I don't know other than sodium possibly being an issue. I learned this info a while ago but for this comment I grabbed the first link which featured a credentialed dietician. Since it was high in the search results and from the language used in the article it could very well be an industry advert. Hopefully the dietician didn't risk their license by making a false claim in service of the industry.
I doubt any industry advert would make straight out false claims. Usually you just direct the covnersation and avoid negatives and overinflate positives. Salt is a good point. I know there is some low sodium but not sure if there is no sodium and I bet if there is it will be replace with another kind of salt.
Organic typically has a higher carbon footprint because it requires more land and often even water resources and of course more labour.
Less pesticides, yeah, sure. But those pesticides allow us to grow crops much more efficiently. Everything is a trade-off I suppose, but I am very skeptical that the trade-offs of organic are worthwhile.